Git Basics

Installing Git version control.

Setup

Command	Purpose
git	List all available Git commands
git config	Configure Git settings (--local or --global)
git config --global user.name "<name>"	Set the global Git username
git config --global user.email "<email>"	Set the global Git email address
git config --global --list	Display the global Git configuration settings

Git Fundamentals

Command	Purpose
git init	Initialize a new local repository, creating a .git folder
git status	Display the current status of the repository
git add <filename>	Add a specified file from the working directory to the staging area
git add .	Add all files from the current directory and subfolders to staging
git add -A	Add all files from the root directory to staging
git commit -m "<message>"	Commit staged changes to the local repository with a message 1
git log	View the commit history
git log --oneline	View a condensed version of the commit history
git reset HEAD~1	Undo the last commit, removing it from history
git revert <SHA>	Revert a specific commit while preserving the history
git commit --amend --no-edit	Add staged changes to the previous commit without changing the message

Git Branching

Command	Purpose
git stash	Temporarily save changes without committing
git stash list	Display all stashed changes
git stash pop	Reapply stashed changes and remove from stash
git stash apply	Reapply stashed changes without removing from stash
git stash -u	Stash changes, including untracked files
git clean -f	Force delete untracked files in the working directory
git clean -fd	Force delete untracked files, directories, and subfolders
git reset --hard	Reset tracked files to the last commit state
git checkout -b <branch_name>	Create and switch to a new branch
git checkout <branch_name>	Switch to an existing branch
git merge <branch_name>	Merge <branch_name> into the current branch
git rebase <branch_name>	Reapply commits from your current branch on top of <branch_name>
git branch --list	List all local branches
git branch -d <branch_name>	Delete the specified branch (if merged)
git branch -D <branch_name>	Force delete the specified branch
git cherry-pick <commit>	Apply a specific commit from another branch onto the current branch

What is the HEAD?

HEAD refers to the latest commit that your current branch is pointing to. It's essentially a reference to the current branch, indicating where you are in the commit history.

Git Remote

Command	Purpose
git remote add origin <remote_url>	Add a remote repository URL for your local repository
git branch -M main	Rename the current branch to main
git remote -v	List all configured remote repositories and their URLs
git push -u origin main	Push local main branch to the remote repository and set it as the default upstream branch
git push	Push changes from the current branch to the remote repository
git push -u origin <branch_name>	Push the specified branch to the remote repository and set it as the default upstream branch
git config --global --add --bool push.autoSetupRemote true	Automatically set up tracking of branches when pushing them for the first time
git checkout <filename>	Discard changes in a specific file and revert to the last committed version
git checkout <*.cs>	Discard changes in all files with a .cs extension (using wildcard)
git checkout <**/*.cs>	Discard changes in all .cs files recursively in subdirectories (using wildcard)
git fetch	Download updates from the remote repository without merging them into your current branch
git pull	Fetch and merge changes from the remote repository into your current branch
git pull origin <branch_name>	Fetch and merge changes from a specific branch in the remote repository into your current branch
git clone <repo_url>	Create a local copy of a remote repository

Git Aliases

Command	Purpose
git config --global alias.co "checkout"	Create a global alias co for the git checkout command
git config --global alias.copm '!git checkout main && git pull'	Create a global alias copm to switch to the main branch and pull the latest changes from the remote repository

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1. A commit is like a save point and is identified by a unique SHA hash. ↩